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Tertiary activities NCERT Chapter Notes CBSE Class 12 Humanitas

CBSE Class 12 NCERT Chapter Notes for Tertiary activities Humanitas
16 April 2025 by
Akash Kumar

Tertiary activities NCERT Chapter Notes CBSE Class 12 Humanitas

CBSE Class 12  NCERT Chapter Notes for Tertiary activities


The tertiary sector, or service sector, includes industries that provide services rather than goods. It encompasses trade, transport, communication, healthcare, education, finance, and entertainment. This sector relies on skilled labor and knowledge-based expertise, playing a crucial role in modern economies by supporting production, distribution, and consumer needs.

Tertiary sector 

  • Definition: The tertiary sector provides services rather than tangible goods.
  • Key Industries: Includes trade, transport, communication, healthcare, education, finance, entertainment, and tourism.
  • Employment: Major source of jobs in developed economies.
  • Role: Supports production, distribution, and consumer needs.
  • Skills-Based: Requires professional expertise and specialized knowledge.
  • Economic Growth: Expands with urbanization and technological advancements.
  • Service Examples: Banking, retail, hospitality, consultancy, and public services.

Types of tertiary sector 
Trade and commerce 

  • Definition: Trade and commerce involve the buying, selling, and exchange of goods and services.
  • Types: Includes retail trade (direct to consumers) and wholesale trade (bulk transactions).
  • Role: Facilitates the distribution of goods from producers to consumers.
  • Trading Centres: Found in both rural (local markets) and urban (specialized markets) areas.
  • Modes: Conducted through physical stores, online platforms, and international trade.
  • Economic Impact: Generates employment and supports business growth.
  • Interdependence: Relies on transport, banking, and communication services.

Transportation

1. Communication is carried on through means of transport also. 

2. Earlier, messages were carried by man, animals, roads, boats, etc. 

3. Transport network makes communication fast and efficient. 

4. Now they are carried by modern and fast means of transport like air transport.

Communication 

  • Definition: Communication involves transmitting information, messages, and ideas.
  • Types: Includes telecommunication, mass media, postal services, and digital communication.
  • Modes: Conducted through telephone, internet, radio, television, newspapers, and satellites.
  • Role in Economy: Supports business operations, trade, and governance.
  • Technological Impact: Innovations like mobile phones, fiber optics, and AI enhance speed and efficiency.
  • Global Connectivity: Enables real-time communication across borders.
  • Dependency on Infrastructure: Requires networks like telecom towers, satellites, and internet services.

Services 

  • Definition: Services are activities that provide value without producing tangible goods.
  • Types: Includes personal services (barber, launderer), professional services (doctors, lawyers), and public services (education, healthcare).
  • Economic Role: Major contributor to employment and GDP in developed economies.
  • Skill-Based: Requires specialized knowledge and expertise.
  • Government Role: Some services, like transportation and utilities, are regulated or provided by the state.
  • Technology Impact: Digital platforms and outsourcing have expanded service accessibility.
  • Examples: Banking, tourism, consulting, medical care, IT services, and entertainment.

Quaternary activities 

The activities concerning knowledge such as education, information, research and development and more intellectual activities where the major task is to think, research and develop ideas are quaternary activities.

1. Quaternary activities Centre around research and development. 

2. It is an advanced form of services. 

3. It involves specialised knowledge and technical skill. 

It Involves- 

1. Collection of information 

2. Production of information 

3. Dissemination of information

Quinary activities

Services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas, data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technology. 

  1. These are called gold collar professions. 
  2. They are special and highly paid skills of senior business executives, govt. officials, research scientists, financial and legal consultants. 
  3. Their importance is significant in the structure of advanced economies.

Outsourcing

Outsourcing is giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and reduce costs. 

{When outsourcing involves transferring work to overseas locations, it is described by the term off-shoring}

The following activities are outsourced 

1. Information technology 

2. Human resources 

3. Customer support 

4. Call centre services 

Sometimes manufacturing & engineering.

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